Prema Iswary

            Graphic representation of trophic structure and function of an ecosystem, starting with producers at the base and successive trophic levels forming the apex is known as ecological pyramids .             Ecological pyramid may be of three types – pyramid of numbers , pyramid of biomass and pyramid of energy .             1. Pyramid of Numbers:- It represents the number of individual organisms at each trophic level. We may have upright or inverted pyramid of numbers depending upon the type of ecosystem and food chain.             As for example – Grassland and a pond ecosystem show an upright pyramid of numbers. The producers in grassland are grasses which are very large in numbers. So the producers form a broad base. The herbivores in the grassl...

                                                                             FOOD CHAIN             The transfer of food energy from the producers through a series of organisms (herbivores to carnivores and then to decomposers) with repeated eating and being eaten, is known as food chain.             The solar energy is trapped in the ecosystem by the green plants and produce energy rich carbohydrates. These green plants are known as primary producers. The green plants are eaten by plant eaters (herbivores) also called primary consumers. Herbivores are in turn eaten by meat eaters (carnivores) also called secondary consumers. Secondary consumers in turn may be still eaten by other...

            Ecosystem may be defined as a natural, functional, ecological unit comprising living organisms and their non living environment that interact to form stable, self supporting system.             COMPONENTS OF AN ECOSYSTEM             Components of an ecosystem can be classified into two major divisions – Biotic and Abiotic components.             1. Biotic Components:- All living organisms present in the environment are included within the biotic component. The biotic components can be sub divided into three major groups –             a) Producers – These includes all the autotrophic green plants which can make their own food with the help of sunlight. Besides these some organisms like Cyano-...

            The science of environment studies is a multidisciplinary science because it depends on various disciplines like chemistry, physics, medical science, etc. It is the science of physical phenomena in the environment. It is inherently a multidisciplinary field that draws upon not only its core scientific areas, but also applies knowledge from other non-scientific studies such as economic, law and social science.             1. In the field of physical science it helps to understand the flux of material and energy interaction. It also helps to construct mathematical models of environment.             2. Environmental study is related with chemical science in the sense that it helps in understanding the molecular interactions in the system.           ...