ARTIFICIAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION - CUTTING, LAYERING, GRAFTING

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             Asexual reproduction can also be obtained by artificial means which is generally known as vegetative propagation.
            Vegetative propagation is mainly obtained through cutting, layering and mounting.
            1. Cutting:- This is the method in which suitable branches are cut into small pieces in growing season. The cut pieces are then placed in a suitable moist soil with the portion of the stem inserted in soil. The cutting soon develops roots. In case where the root does not develop easily, a little quantity of auxin (hormone) is applied on the stem where rooting should develop.
            2. Layering:- This is the method in which roots and buds are allowed to develop before the detachment of the stem part from the parent plant. There are two kinds of layering –
            (a) Mound Layering:- In this type of layering the lower branch of parent plant is lowered by bending the branch in the middle. The bend middle portion is covered with soil leaving the tip exposed. The portion covered with soil is allowed for rooting. After the formation of roots the branch is removed by cutting and planted suitably.
            (b) Air Layering:- In this type the bark is removed in the form of a ring from the aerial branch. A layer of soil is added in the wounded portion. The soil is covered by cloth a regular and continuous supply is made so that the soil remains moist. After adventitious roots are developed fully the branch is removed by cutting and planted suitably.
            3. Grafting:- This is the method in which, the cuttings called scions are inserted on another rooted plant called stock of the superior quality of the same species or of other species or genus. Some time old plants are cut near the base and the stump that remains rooted to the soil is used as stock to raise new healthy plant by inserting the scion of a young plant. The stock supply food and water to the scion while it grows.
            There are several methods of grafting –
            (a) Bud grafting:- In bud grafting a bud is removed and used as scion.
          (b) Tongue grafting:- In this method sloping a tongue shaped cuttings are made and the scion is inserted and fitted in the stock.
            (c) Wedge grafting:- In this method a ‘V’ shaped cut is made in the scion and similarly a ‘V’ shaped incision is also made in the stock.
            (d) Crown grafting:- In this method an old tree may be rejuvenated. The scions of lesser diameter are inserted in the stock of much wider diameter.

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